The images depict turtle plastrons, or shells, which were used for divination in the Shang dynasty (c.1600-1050 BC). The shells were used in the same way as the bones of sheep or ox scapulae that can be seen in the gallery China 3000 BC-AD 800. Holes were drilled, and a question or comment was inscribed to one side. A hot needle applied to the hole resulted in cracks that were then interpreted as answers to the questions. The forms of characters incised on the Shang oracle bones are the earliest systematic script in China.
Sullivan, Michael, Modern Chinese Art: The Khoan and Michael Sullivan Collection, revised edn (Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 2009), no. 1 on p. 32, illus. p. 33
Sullivan, Michael, Art and Artists of Twentieth Century China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996), pl. 53
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